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substr

Name

substr — Gets part of a string.

Synopsis

string substr(string, start[, length]); string string: String to operate on int start: Offset of the substring int length (optional): Length of the substring

Returns

String; FALSE on error

Description

substr() is used to get part of a string. The part of the string to be returned is specified as a range using the start and length arguments.

Behavior of the start and length arguments is interesting, allowing for a great deal of flexibility in choosing what part of the string to replace. See the following table for details.

Argument	Value	Behavior
`start`	Non-negative integer	Start the substring at `start` characters into the string.
`start`	Negative integer	Start the substring at `start` characters from the end of the string.
`length`	Not set	The substring extends from `start` to the end of the string.
`length`	Non-negative integer	End the substring `length` characters from the position specified by `start` .
`length`	Negative integer	End the substring `length` characters from the end of the string.

Caution

substr() only operates in a left-to-right fashion. If start is a negative value and length is less than or equal to start , length is considered as having a value of0 instead. For example:

<?php
echo substr('Oops!', -2, -4);
?>

Output:Oops!

Version

PHP 3+, PHP 4+

Example

Example 1238. Convert a mmddyy format date to yy/mm/dd

<?php
$date = 110579;
$month = substr($date, 0, 2);
$day   = substr($date, 2, 2);
$year  = substr($date, -2);

echo "$year/$month/$day";
?>

Output:
79/11/05

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PHP Functions Essential Reference. Copyright © 2002 by New Riders Publishing (Authors: Zak Greant, Graeme Merrall, Torben Wilson, Brett Michlitsch). This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/). The authors of this book have elected not to choose any options under the OPL. This online book was obtained from http://www.fooassociates.com/phpfer/ and is designed to provide information about the PHP programming language, focusing on PHP version 4.0.4 for the most part. The information is provided on an as-is basis, and no warranty or fitness is implied. All persons and entities shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage arising from the information contained in this book.