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XXXV. Mathematical Functions
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Mathematical Functions

OverviewThis function group provides a basic set of functions for performing mathematical computations, as well as a set of named constants providing useful values. These functions are part of the standard function set built into PHP, and can only be disabled by either modifying the source code or by using the disable_functions directive in php.ini.

Named constantsPHP provides the following named constants. Not all constants are available in all versions of PHP, and only M_PI is available in any version of PHP 3.

Named constant	Value	Description	Availability
`M_1_PI`	0.31830988618379067154	1 / `pi`	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_2_PI`	0.63661977236758134308	2 / `pi`	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_2_SQRTPI`	1.12837916709551257390	2 / sqrt(pi)()	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_E`	2.7182818284590452354	`e`; natural logarithm base	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_EULER`	0.57721566490153286061	Euler's constant	PHP 4.0.2+
`M_LN2`	0.69314718055994530942	log`_e`2	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_LN10`	2.30258509299404568402	log`_e`10	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_LNPI`	1.14472988584940017414	log`_epi`	PHP 4.0.2+
`M_LOG2E`	1.4426950408889634074	log₂`e`	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_LOG10E`	0.43429448190325182765	log₁₀`e`	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_PI`	3.14159265358979323846	`pi`	All versions
`M_PI_2`	1.57079632679489661923	`pi` / 2	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_PI_4`	0.78539816339744830962	`pi` / 4	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_SQRT1_2`	0.70710678118654752440	1 / sqrt(2)()	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_SQRT2`	1.41421356237309504880	sqrt(2)()	PHP 4 RC 1+
`M_SQRT3`	1.73205080756887729352	sqrt(3)()	PHP 4.0.2+
`M_SQRTPI`	1.77245385090551602729	sqrt(pi)()	PHP 4.0.2+

NotesThese functions are dependent upon the underlying system limits when working with numbers. For instance, this means that if your system supports 32-bit integers, you will not be able to work with integers larger than 2147483647 or smaller than -2147483647 (PHP supports only signed integers). Similarly, floating-point precision will be limited to whatever the system supports. In most cases this is a 64-bit value.

If you require greater precision or larger/smaller numbers, please check out the Arbitrary Precision (BC) Mathematics functions.

Table of Contents

abs
acos
asin
atan
atan2
base_convert
bindec
ceil
cos
decbin
dechex
decoct
deg2rad
exp
floor
getrandmax
hexdec
log
log10
max
min
mt_getrandmax
mt_rand
mt_srand
number_format
octdec
pi
pow
rad2deg
rand
round
sin
sqrt
srand
tan

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PHP Functions Essential Reference. Copyright © 2002 by New Riders Publishing (Authors: Zak Greant, Graeme Merrall, Torben Wilson, Brett Michlitsch). This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/). The authors of this book have elected not to choose any options under the OPL. This online book was obtained from http://www.fooassociates.com/phpfer/ and is designed to provide information about the PHP programming language, focusing on PHP version 4.0.4 for the most part. The information is provided on an as-is basis, and no warranty or fitness is implied. All persons and entities shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage arising from the information contained in this book.